Chronic Kidney Disease - Renal Disorders

What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. The kidneys are essential organs responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, which are then excreted in urine. In CKD, this function is impaired, leading to an accumulation of waste products and fluids in the body.

What Causes CKD?

Several factors can lead to CKD, including diabetes, hypertension, and certain genetic disorders. Other causes might include chronic infections, autoimmune diseases such as lupus, and prolonged use of certain medications that are nephrotoxic.

What are the Symptoms of CKD?

In the early stages, CKD may not present any noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include fatigue, swelling in the ankles and feet, shortness of breath, and urinary changes. Severe cases can lead to complications such as anemia, cardiovascular disease, and electrolyte imbalances.

How is CKD Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies. Blood tests such as serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) provide insight into kidney function. Urine tests can detect proteinuria, a sign of kidney damage. Imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans may be used to assess the kidneys' size and structure.

What are the Stages of CKD?

CKD is classified into five stages based on the GFR:

Stage 1: Normal or high GFR (≥90 mL/min)
Stage 2: Mildly decreased GFR (60-89 mL/min)
Stage 3: Moderately decreased GFR (30-59 mL/min)
Stage 4: Severely decreased GFR (15-29 mL/min)
Stage 5: Kidney failure (GFR

Relevant Publications

Cost-effectiveness of add-on empagliflozin versus standard of care in management of CKD in Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam - findings from a modelling study assessing an EMPA-KIDNEY eligible population, using CKD progression model.

Issue Release: 2024

Renal Complications in Portal Hypertension.

Issue Release: 2024

A rare presentation of isolated candidal hepatic abscess in a maintenance hemodialysis patient.

Issue Release: 2024

Association between dietary protein intake and risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Issue Release: 2024

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential contributes to accelerated chronic kidney disease progression.

Issue Release: 2024

Chronic Kidney Disease Study in Diabetic Patients: Insights From Primary Care Units in Northern Portugal.

Issue Release: 2024

Activation of TAS2R4 signaling attenuates podocyte injury induced by high glucose.

Issue Release: 2024

Comfort Level of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Associated Factors in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Issue Release: 2024

Sodium Tungstate (NaW) Decreases Inflammation and Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Issue Release: 2024

IGF2BP3/NCBP1 complex inhibits renal tubular senescence through regulation of CDK6 mRNA stability.

Issue Release: 2024

Management of Massive Flank Hernia After Lateral Lumbar Fusion: Preoperative Botulinum Toxin Injections and Open Repair - A Case Report.

Issue Release: 2024

Brincidofovir inhibits polyomavirus infection .

Issue Release: 2024

Combining telemedicine and in-person visits to deliver care to patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD): Lessons learned from COVID-19.

Issue Release: 2024

Recent developments in the management of resistant hypertension: focus on endothelin receptor antagonists.

Issue Release: 2024

Wearable device-measured moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of degenerative aortic valve stenosis.

Issue Release: 2024

Association between serum magnesium levels and cognitive function in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Issue Release: 2024

Albuminuria and chronic kidney disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Issue Release: 2024

Biomarker for cardiorenal syndrome risk in patients with liver cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

Issue Release: 2024

Prevalence and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of adult patients on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Issue Release: 2024

Assessment of essential and toxic trace element levels in erythrocytes of hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease.

Issue Release: 2024

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How is it Diagnosed?

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