What is Hematuria?
Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine, which can be a sign of a variety of
renal disorders. It is classified into two types:
gross hematuria, where blood is visible in the urine, and
microscopic hematuria, where blood is not visible to the naked eye and is only detected through urinalysis.
How is Hematuria Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of hematuria typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A
urinalysis is often the first step, which can confirm the presence of red blood cells. Additional tests such as imaging studies (e.g.,
ultrasound, CT scan) and cystoscopy may be required to identify the underlying cause.
Potential Complications
While hematuria itself may not be harmful, it can be indicative of serious underlying conditions. Untreated
kidney infections and stones can lead to kidney damage. Chronic hematuria may also result from or lead to significant renal impairment if the underlying cause is not addressed.
Treatment Options
Treatment for hematuria depends on its underlying cause.
Antibiotics are prescribed for infections, while kidney stones may require medications, lithotripsy, or surgery. In cases of glomerulonephritis or other inflammatory conditions,
immunosuppressive therapy might be necessary. Lifestyle modifications and regular monitoring are advised for chronic conditions.
When to Seek Medical Advice?
Individuals should seek medical advice if they notice blood in their urine, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as pain, fever, or weight loss. Early detection and treatment of the underlying cause of hematuria can prevent complications and preserve renal function. Preventive Measures
Preventing hematuria involves addressing the risk factors associated with its common causes. Maintaining adequate
hydration, practicing good hygiene, and managing chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes can reduce the risk of developing conditions that lead to hematuria.
