What are the Common Cardiovascular Complications in Renal Disease?

Patients with renal disorders are prone to various cardiovascular complications such as:

- Hypertension: Often both a cause and consequence of renal dysfunction.
- Heart Failure: Fluid overload and anemia in renal patients can exacerbate heart failure.
- Coronary Artery Disease: Accelerated by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.
- Arrhythmias: Electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium and calcium, can cause arrhythmias.
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Common due to the increased workload on the heart from hypertension and volume overload.